The perimeter of the 2D shape is divided by the perimeter of a circle with the same area as the shape. The more irregular the shape is, the closer the output value is to zero. The closer the shape is to a circle, the closer the output value is to 1.
Examples
mcap_2d <- mesh_to_2d(mcap)
plot(mcap_2d, asp=1)
circularity(mcap_2d)
#> [1] 0.6085393
circ <- sim_circle() # simulate xy coordinates for a circle
plot(circ, asp=1)
circularity(circ)
#> [1] 0.9998321